The crime in el Salvador

The crime in El Salvador

Organized crime in El Salvador is a serious problem. They have not made sufficient efforts to understand or deal with this phenomenon in this small Central American country.

El Salvador experiences some of the highest homicide rates in Latin America; It is also considered the epicenter of the gang crisis, along with Guatemala and Honduras. In response, the government has numerous programs to try to guide young gang membership; so far their efforts have not produced any rapid results. One of the government's reform program was a band called Super Mano Dura ("Super Firm Hand"). Super Mano Dura had little success and was widely criticized by the UN. Saw temporary success in 2004, but then saw a rise in crime after 2005. In 2004, the rate of intentional homicides per 100,000 inhabitants was 41, with 60% of murders to be gang-related.

The government of El Salvador reported that the Super Mano Dura gang legislation led to a 14% drop in murders in 2004. However, El Salvador currently has 65 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants, more than triple the current rate of Mexico . There are an estimated 25,000 gang members in El Salvador in general with other 9,000 in jail.

Gangs and violence

Gangs generally contribute to high levels of social violence in El Salvador. They involved in several serious crimes that terrorize and paralyze society. Murder and extortion are the most publicized crime that has spread throughout Central America. There are different forms of violence built in El Salvador, like politics, everyday, gender and structural violence. The war in El Salvador built with political violence El Salvador should have every day.

Reasons to join gangs

Salvadoran youth decide to join a gang for several reasons. Sometimes this is seen as an option, but also because of the feeling of neglect and abandonment of family or not belong to any party, except when violence occurs. Juan Fogelbach argues that general risk factors associated with gang membership are: poverty, family disintegration or separation, abandonment, violent domestic environment, unemployment, lack of opportunities and educational development, and of members of the family in gangs. The presence of one or more of these factors can force a teenager or a child turn to gangs in the hope of finding a family atmosphere, social status and economic opportunities.

Impact on youth

Some members of criminal gangs "jumped" or having to prove his loyalty by committing acts such as theft or violence. Youth gangs are a major source of concern for society. Orientation youth builds a cycle of violence, where fear becomes a legitimizing agent of greater repression and puts the emphasis on youth, and away from other types of embedded violence.

Types of violence

Violence against women, domestic violence, verbal abuse, physical abuse, assault, extortion, among others.

How you can eradicate violence?

Promote education for the full value of your home, invest in education programs for children and youth in their spare time for parents to be more responsible in raising their children and to increase security in the country.

History of the Internet

History of the Internet

The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of packet networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, Great Britain, and France. The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s for packet network systems, including the development of the ARPANET (which would become the first network to use the Internet Protocol.) The first message was sent over the ARPANET from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).

Packet switching networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of communications protocols. Donald Davies was the first to put theory into practice by designing a packet-switched network at the National Physics Laboratory in the UK, the first of its kind in the world and the cornerstone for UK research for almost two decades. Following, ARPANET further led to the development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be joined into a network of networks.

Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the Computer Science Network (CSNET). In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was introduced as the standard networking protocol on the ARPANET. In the early 1980s the NSF funded the establishment for national supercomputing centers at several universities, and provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the NSFNET project, which also created network access to the supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Private connections to the Internet by commercial entities became widespread quickly, and the NSFNET was decommissioned in 1995, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.

In the 1980s, the work of Tim Berners-Lee in the United Kingdom, on the World Wide Web, theorised the fact that protocols link hypertext documents into a working system, marking the beginning the modern Internet. Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's takeover of the global communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms: it only communicated 1% of the information flowing through two-way telecommunications networks in the year 1993, already 51% by 2000, and more than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007. Today the Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking.

Today the internet helps us communicate with our loved ones and tells us what happens in the world but we must always put to good use.

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Personality Types

Analysts

• INTP Personality (“THE LOGICIAn”)

The INTP personality type is fairly rare, making up only three percent of the population, which is definitely a good thing for them, as there's nothing they'd be more unhappy about than being "common". INTPs pride themselves on their inventiveness and creativity, their unique perspective and vigorous intellect. Usually known as the philosopher, the architect, or the dreamy professor, INTPs have been responsible for many scientific discoveries throughout history.

• ENTJ PERSONALITY (“THE COMMANDER”)

ENTJs are natural-born leaders. People with this personality type embody the gifts of charisma and confidence, and project authority in a way that draws crowds together behind a common goal. But unlike their Feeling  counterpart, ENTJs are characterized by an often ruthless level of rationality, using their drive, determination and sharp minds to achieve whatever end they've set for themselves. Perhaps it is best that they make up only three percent of the population, lest they overwhelm the more timid and sensitive personality types that make up much of the rest of the world – but we have ENTJs to thank for many of the businesses and institutions we take for granted every day.

Diplomats

• INFP PERSONALITY (“THE MEDIATOR”)

INFP personalities are true idealists, always looking for the hint of good in even the worst of people and events, searching for ways to make things better. While they may be perceived as calm, reserved, or even shy, INFPs have an inner flame and passion that can truly shine. Comprising just 4% of the population, the risk of feeling misunderstood is unfortunately high for the INFP personality type – but when they find like-minded people to spend their time with, the harmony they feel will be a fountain of joy and inspiration.

• ENFJ PERSONALITY (“THE PROTAGONIST”)

ENFJs are natural-born leaders, full of passion and charisma. Forming around two percent of the population, they are oftentimes our politicians, our coaches and our teachers, reaching out and inspiring others to achieve and to do good in the world. With a natural confidence that begets influence, ENFJs take a great deal of pride and joy in guiding others to work together to improve themselves and their community.

Explorers

• ISFP PERSONALITY (“THE ADVENTURER”)

ISFP personality types are true artists, but not necessarily in the typical sense where they're out painting happy little trees. Often enough though, they are perfectly capable of this. Rather, it's that they use aesthetics, design and even their choices and actions to push the limits of social convention. ISFPs enjoy upsetting traditional expectations with experiments in beauty and behavior – chances are, they've expressed more than once the phrase "Don't box me in!"

• ESTP PERSONALITY (“THE ENTREPRENEUR”)

ESTP personality types always have an impact on their immediate surroundings – the best way to spot them at a party is to look for the whirling eddy of people flitting about them as they move from group to group. Laughing and entertaining with a blunt and earthy humor, ESTP personalities love to be the center of attention. If an audience member is asked to come on stage, ESTPs volunteer – or volunteer a shy friend.

Global Warming

What it could mean to you and your family

Climate change is changing our economy, health and communities in diverse ways. Scientists warn that if we do not aggressively curb climate change now, the results will likely be disastrous.

The Basics

Carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants are collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm up.

Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the past 50 years the average global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. Scientists say that unless we curb the emissions that cause climate change, average U.S. temperatures could be 3 to 9 degrees higher by the end of the century.

The United States Global Change Research Program (which includes the Department of Defense, NASA, National Science Foundation and other government agencies) has said that "global warming is unequivocal and primarily human-induced" and that "climate changes are underway in the United States and are projected to grow."

What causes global warming?

Carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm up. Coal-burning power plants are the largest U.S. source of carbon dioxide pollution -- they produce 2.5 billion tons every year. Automobiles, the second largest source, create nearly 1.5 billion tons of CO2 annually.

Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard to predict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how climate change is affecting the planet and our communities, and most agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue.

In addition to impacting our water resources, energy supply, transportation, agriculture, and ecosystems, the United States Global Change Research Program concludes that climate change also poses unique challenges to human health, such as:

Significant increases in the risk of illness and death related to extreme heat and heat waves are very likely.

Some diseases transmitted by food, water, and insects are likely to increase.

Certain groups, including children, the elderly, and the poor, are most vulnerable to a range of climate-related health effects.

These impacts will result in significant costs to our families and the economy.

Solutions

Here's the good news: technologies exist today to make cars that run cleaner and burn less gas, modernize power plants and generate electricity from nonpolluting sources, and cut our electricity use through energy efficiency. The challenge is to be sure these solutions are put to use.

Transitioning to a clean energy economy will bring new jobs and reduce air pollution. We can’t afford to wait.

Take Action

We can each play an important role in stopping climate change. 

Unfortunately, there is a lot of confusion about climate change. You can help by being a voice for reason and common-sense. For detailed, point-by-point rebuttals to global warming naysayers.

We care for our environment, botemos trash in place, take care of rivers, seas and lakes, take care of the wildlife around us.